A: <I want the soup to be saltier>
A: <There is a saltshaker on the other end of the table>
A: <Someone is sitting between me and the saltshaker>
A: <I could ask her to hand it to me>
A: „Could you pass the saltshaker, please?“
channel: [kUd ju: pa:s T@ sAltSEk@6 pli:z]
B receives: „Could you pass the saltshaker, please?“
B: <Oh, he needs the salt>
B: <I'll hand it to him>
B: hands the saltshaker to A.

1. noise masks the signal (or parts thereof) --> parts or full request is undecodable 
	(receiver or transmitter can be at fault if channel conditions were predictable/influencable OR it was just bad luck if channel conditions were unpredictable)
	-> many ways of resolution, can you give examples of resolution and how they compare to each other?
2. hearing problems of the listener (e.g. deafness), speaking problems of the speaker (e.g. stuttering)
3. mental hearing/speaking problems: (e.g. Aphasia-related): some word/meaning/intent is unclear
4. foreign language difficulties: words that are unknown (second language speakers also have more difficulties with the language's phonology, syntax, ...)
5. mis-understanding: saltshaker vs. salad shaker (phonetics/phonology)
6. there aren't any (or multiple) saltshakers.; what about pepper? (reference resolution)
7. knowledge about the world:
	-> empty saltshaker is being passed although it's empty (misinterpretation of the intent)
8. multi-party setting: nobody was spoken to, no need to take the obligation (pragmatics/turn-taking)
	--> receiver of the message must be made clear
9. B replies: "I could if you wanted me to." (pragmatic problem)
	-> use unambiguous form would/could be the imperative
10. if A says: "my soup is not salty enough!" -> B interprets: how interesting!
11. additional implications: A doesn't like my food (may turn out to become a pragmatic problem)
... probably more types of problems.