... eigenstates% latex2html id marker 190
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An eigenstate is one of the possible measurement outcomes in of an experiment. Although eigenstates can be either continuous or discrete, the discrete eigenstates are more interesting. For instance, the bounded electron in the hydrogen atom can only be found in discrete orbits. The energy states are eigenstates. Since electromagnetic wave is to be described by a wave function of photons, the discrete modes in a wave guide or a cavity are also eigenstates. This may be similar to the firing ``modes'' of electro-chemical activities in the brain.
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... arrangement% latex2html id marker 192
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The dependence of physical properties on experimental arrangement is a crucial difference between quantum and classical physics. For instance, although there is no preference of orientation in nature, the spin angular momentum of an electron is either up or down according to the alignment of measuring instrument (chosen arbitrarily by a physicist).
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... mechanical% latex2html id marker 194
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Classical physics is, after all, a special case of quantum physics. The laws in classical physics are aggregate behavior of quantum physics. This is called the correspondence principle.
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... operator% latex2html id marker 200
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An operator is the mathematical formalism of a measurement in quantum physics.
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... non-stochastic% latex2html id marker 208
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The underlying mechanism of conventional computational theories are deterministic Turing machine.
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... ``monotonic''% latex2html id marker 210
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For example, for addition: if $ a,b \in \mathbb R$, either we have $ \vert a+2b\vert \ge \vert a+b\vert \ge \vert a\vert$ or $ \vert a+2b\vert \le \vert a+b\vert \le \vert a\vert$. However, if $ a,b \in \mathbb C$, we may have $ \vert a+2b\vert \ge \vert a+b\vert$ but $ \vert a+b\vert \le \vert a\vert$.
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...modes% latex2html id marker 224
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It is more plausible that the thinking process is based on the dynamic firing patterns rather than on the activation/deactivation of individual neurons.
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... emergentism% latex2html id marker 226
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In the mainstream of natural science -- physics, chemistry and biology -- there is no emergentism but only reductionism, strictly speaking. For one thing, theory is about explanations, not about facts-collecting. We say a theory A can be reduced to theory B in the sense that all basic rules in theory A can be conceptually formulated as special cases in theory B, but not vice versa. In other words, general rules of theory A can be derived from that of theory A and there are ``anomalies'' in theory A which can be accounted for in theory B as regularities. For instance, the chemical properties can be derived from the quantum physical properties of shell electrons; Newtonian mechanics is a special case (an approximation, nevertheless) of the theory of relativity. In this sense, biology can be reduced to chemistry and chemistry can be reduced to quantum physics.
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... mind% latex2html id marker 234
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The classical computational approach sees human-mind as a computer and the classical connectionism sees it as a clockwork. Both are theories of zombies.
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